Univ. Prof. Dr. Gabriele Fischer studied human medicine at the Medical University of Vienna. She received her doctor’s degree in 1984, when she started to specialize in the field of psychiatry and neurology. From 1986 – 1989, Gabriele Fischer did a research - fellowship & psychiatric residency training at Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri USA. In 1994, she became the Medical Director of the Addiction Clinic, and in 2000, Professor of Psychiatry and Neurology at the Medical University of Vienna. Gabriele Fischer is involved in many epidemiological clinical and psychopharmacological studies in the field of substance use disorder and non – substance related addictions including the topic of co-morbidities; her special research focus includes the aspect of sex/gender differences in psychiatry with a particular emphasis on opioid maintenance standards during pregnancy.